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UPC CFI 662/2025
Jul 22, 2025·EP3799333: ALLOCATION OF PREAMBLE SEQUENCES
- Case details
- StatusWritten PhaseActionInfringementCategoryMain Infringement Action
- Parties
- Respondents
- Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co., Ltd.
- Geely Automobile Holdings Ltd.
- Lynk & Co International AB
- Lynk & Co Sales Germany GmbH
- Lynk & Co Sales Netherlands B.V.
- Lynk & Co Sales France SAS
- Lynk & Co Sales Belgium SRL
- Lynk & Co Sales Italy S.R.L.
- Lynk & Co Sales Sweden AB
- Zeekr EU B.V.
- Zeekr Germany GmbH
- Zeekr Sweden AB
- Zeekr Danmark ApS
- Lotus Technology Innovative Ltd.
- Lotus Cars Europe B.V.
- Lotus Cars Deutschland GmbH
- Lotus Cars France SAS
- Lotus Cars Belgium SRL/BV
- Lotus Cars Österreich GmbH
- Lotus Cars Danmark ApS
- Lotus Cars Nederland B.V.
- Lotus Cars Italia S.r.l.
- Lotus Cars Sverige AB
- smart Automobile Co. Ltd.
- smart Europe GmbH
- smart Austria Automotive GmbH
- smart Belgium S.r.l.
- smart Automobile France SAS
- smart Nederland B.V.
- smart Italia S.r.l.
- smart Portugal Unipessoal Lda.
- smart Sweden AB
Reps: Steffen Elmar Steininger - Division
- Mannheim LD
- Technology
- Telecoms · Cellular/SEP · Telecommunications
- Language
- German
- First decided
- Nov 3, 2025
Decisions
- 2025-11-03DismissedInfringement meritsInfringement Action
The Mannheim Local Division rejected the preliminary objection (R.19 RoP) filed by multiple Geely group defendants challenging the jurisdiction and competence of the Mannheim Local Division. The Court found it had jurisdiction under Art. 33(1)(b) UPCA over all defendants as they are members of the same corporate group, share business relations as required, and face the same infringement allegation regarding the same patent claim. The Court also established that the requirement of a 'business relationship' under Art.33(1)(b) UPCA does not require complete identity of infringing acts but merely that the accused acts are aligned in purpose. The infringement action on the merits continues.
Legal issues:Preliminary objection under R.19 RoPJurisdiction of Local Division under Art.33(1)(b) UPCABusiness relationship requirement for multi-defendant suitsCompetence over non-EU domiciled defendants
Documents
| Document title | Date | Public |
|---|---|---|
| action.phaseChange.caseClose | 2026-05-29 | Not public |
| action.issueDecision.decision | 2026-05-29 | Not public |
| Decision | 2026-05-29 | Public |
| Receipt | 2026-05-28 | Not public |
| Cover sheet | 2026-05-28 | Not public |
| Application document Defendant | 2026-05-28 | Not public |
| Receipt | 2026-05-27 | Not public |
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| Cover sheet | 2026-05-27 | Not public |
| Application document Claimant | 2026-05-27 | Not public |
| Application document Claimant | 2026-05-27 | Not public |
| action.issueOrder.order | 2026-05-18 | Not public |
| Order | 2026-05-18 | Public |
| Receipt | 2026-05-18 | Not public |
| Cover sheet | 2026-05-18 | Not public |
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| Application document Defendant | 2026-05-18 | Not public |
| Statement of rejoinder | 2026-05-18 | Not public |
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| Receipt | 2026-03-24 | Not public |
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| Application document Defendant | 2026-03-24 | Not public |
| action.issueOrder.order | 2026-03-17 | Not public |
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| action.issueOrder.order | 2026-02-25 | Not public |
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| Application document Defendant | 2026-02-11 | Not public |
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| Other document Claimant | 2026-02-10 | Not public |
| action.communication.general | 2026-02-09 | Not public |
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| Other document Defendant | 2026-02-09 | Not public |
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| action.issueOrder.order | 2026-02-03 | Not public |
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| action.issueOrder.order | 2026-01-29 | Not public |
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| Receipt | 2026-01-28 | Not public |
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| action.communication.general | 2026-01-22 | Not public |
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| action.issueOrder.order | 2026-01-21 | Not public |
| Order | 2026-01-21 | Public |
| Receipt | 2026-01-20 | Not public |
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| action.issueOrder.order | 2026-01-16 | Not public |
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| Counterclaim for revocation | 2026-01-15 | Not public |
| Application document Defendant | 2026-01-15 | Not public |
| action.issueOrder.order | 2025-11-19 | Not public |
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| Cover sheet | 2025-11-17 | Not public |
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| action.issueOrder.order | 2025-11-13 | Not public |
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| action.issueOrder.order | 2025-11-06 | Not public |
| Order | 2025-11-06 | Public |
| action.publishOrderDecision.order | 2025-11-05 | Not public |
| action.issueOrder.order | 2025-11-05 | Not public |
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| Cover sheet | 2025-11-05 | Not public |
| Other document Defendant | 2025-11-05 | Not public |
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| Order | 2025-11-03 | Public |
| action.communication.general | 2025-10-30 | Not public |
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| Other document Claimant | 2025-10-30 | Not public |
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| Cover sheet | 2025-10-09 | Not public |
| Preliminary objection | 2025-10-09 | Not public |
| Receipt | 2025-10-09 | Not public |
| Panel-Appointment | 2025-09-05 | Not public |
| Outcome of the Order | 2025-09-04 | Not public |
| Anordnung Fristverlaengerungen | 2025-09-04 | Public |
| 2025-09-04_Nokia_Brief_re_extension_request (CFI_662-2025)_signed | 2025-09-04 | Not public |
| Stellungnahmefrist | 2025-09-03 | Not public |
| Receipt | 2025-09-03 | Not public |
| 2025-09-03_EP333_Antrag_FVA_ACT_33117-2025_UPC_CFI_662-2025_Signed | 2025-09-03 | Not public |
| Notification Of Service | 2025-09-02 | Not public |
| E-Mail Rep. Defendant | 2025-09-02 | Not public |
| Notification Of Service | 2025-09-02 | Not public |
| E-Mail Rep. Defendant | 2025-09-02 | Not public |
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| E-Mail Rep. Defendant | 2025-09-02 | Not public |
| Notification Of Service | 2025-09-02 | Not public |
| E-Mail Rep. Defendant | 2025-09-02 | Not public |
| Acknowledgement of access to case | 2025-08-27 | Not public |
| Acknowledgement of access to case | 2025-08-27 | Not public |
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| Notification Of Service | 2025-08-12 | Not public |
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| Letter-for-Service | 2025-08-08 | Not public |
| Acknowledgement of access to case | 2025-08-06 | Not public |
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| Letter-for-Service | 2025-07-29 | Not public |
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Plain-English summary
Nokia challenged Zhejiang Geely Holding Group and multiple Lynk & Co, Zeekr, Lotus, and smart branded entities for infringement of EP 3 799 333 (preamble sequence allocation, telecoms/SEP). The Mannheim Local Division rejected the defendants' preliminary objection challenging jurisdiction, holding that each brand group's EU-based subsidiaries share a sufficient business relationship under Art. 33(1)(b) UPCA, and that aligned parallel sales activities under the same patent allegation satisfy the 'same infringement' requirement without requiring complete identity of acts.
Accepted arguments
What the court agreed with — by party.
UPC jurisdiction over all Geely group defendants under Art. 33(1)(b) UPCA based on business relationship and same infringement allegation
ClaimantLegal basis: Art. 33(1)(b) UPCANote: Court found that corporate group members selling the same branded vehicles share a 'business relationship' within the meaning of Art. 33(1)(b) and face the same infringement allegation even if their individual acts differ in form.
Complete identity of infringing acts is not required; parallel and aligned distribution activities suffice for 'same infringement allegation'
ClaimantLegal basis: Art. 33(1)(b) UPCANote: Court held that the infringement allegation need only be 'aligned in purpose' (gleichgerichtet) rather than identical; selling the same branded product in different EU countries satisfies this requirement.
Rejected arguments
What the court did not agree with — and why.
Case should be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction over non-EU defendants (Zhejiang Geely Holding Group and Geely Automobile Holdings Ltd.)
RespondentLegal basis: Art. 33(1)(b) UPCAReason: Court confirmed that non-EU domiciled parent companies cannot alone anchor jurisdiction under Art. 33(1)(b); jurisdiction was established via the EU-domiciled subsidiaries in Germany.
Business relationship under Art. 33(1)(b) requires direct commercial ties between all defendants across different brand groups within the Geely conglomerate
RespondentLegal basis: Art. 33(1)(b) UPCAReason: Court held it was sufficient that each brand group's subsidiaries had the required relationship among themselves; cross-brand-group relationships need not be established for a single consolidated action to be competent.
Key legal principles
Doctrines and rules cited in the reasoning.
Business relationship under Art. 33(1)(b) UPCA: membership in the same corporate group with aligned commercial activities (R&D, manufacturing, sales of the same products) is sufficientSame infringement allegation does not require complete identity of infringing acts; aligned/parallel acts directed at the same objective sufficeNon-EU-domiciled parent companies do not independently ground jurisdiction under Art. 33(1)(b); jurisdiction flows from EU-domiciled subsidiariesJurisdictional assessment at the preliminary stage uses a 'cursory look' standard without pre-judging the merits
Browse other cases on this principle.