| 2025-05-27 | UPC_CFI_11/2024 | Dusseldorf LD | Generic application | — | Procedural only | The Düsseldorf Local Division issued a rectification order (R. 353 RoP) correcting obvious errors in the operative part of the decision issued on 8 May 2025 in the infringement action by Grundfos Holding A/S against Hefei Xinhu Canned Motor Pump Co., Ltd. concerning EP 2 778 423 B1. The corrections addressed typographical cross-referencing errors in the accounting and rendering of accounts obligations. The defendant did not oppose the rectification. |
| 2025-05-26 | ORD_25044/2025 | Munich CD | Generic Order | Procedural | Procedural only | The Munich Central Division issued a procedural order in revocation proceedings (EP 4 019 790) requiring the parties to upload written submissions in the patent amendment workflow, and granting Baussmann leave to file a further reply on the scope of the counterclaim and the patent amendment request. |
| 2025-05-26 | UPC_CoA_1/2025 | Court of Appeal | — | Procedural | Injunction denied | The Court of Appeal denied the application by Chainzone Technology (Foshan) Co., Ltd. (intervener/defendant) for suspensive effect of its appeal against the infringement order of the Vienna Local Division (15 January 2025) in proceedings between SWARCO FUTURIT and STRABAG. Chainzone failed to demonstrate manifest errors in the first-instance decision concerning EP 2 643 717 (a colour-mixing convergent optical system). The order confirming the injunction against STRABAG therefore remained enforceable. This is the German language version; an English translation exists (see finalorderuspensiveeffect EN.pdf). Note: the referenced case number in the parties section is UPC_CoA_70/2025 (Strabag appeal) and UPC_CoA_1/2025 (Chainzone appeal). |
| 2025-05-26 | UPC_CoA_1/2025 | Court of Appeal | — | Procedural | Injunction denied | The Court of Appeal denied the application by Chainzone Technology (Foshan) Co., Ltd. for suspensive effect of its appeal against the infringement order of the Vienna Local Division concerning EP 2 643 717 (colour-mixing convergent optical system / LED optics). Chainzone failed to demonstrate that the first-instance decision was manifestly erroneous. The enforcement of the injunction against STRABAG therefore continued. Key headnotes: application for suspensive effect must itself enable the respondent to prepare and the court to decide; suspensive effect requires manifest error in the impugned order; a company director is not an 'intermediary' under Art. 63 UPCA merely by reason of their directorship; security for enforcement under R.352.1 must be ordered at the time of the decision. This is the English translation of finalordersuspensiveeffect.DE_.pdf. |
| 2025-05-23 | UPC_APP_19773/2025 | The Hague LD | Preliminary objection | motionName.jurisdictional | Procedural only | Procedural order of The Hague Local Division in infringement proceedings by Genevant Sciences GmbH and Arbutus Biopharma Corporation against multiple Moderna entities concerning lipid nanoparticle delivery technology. The order addresses preliminary objections and jurisdictional matters concerning certain Moderna entities (Moderna Spain, Moderna Poland, Moderna Norway), examining whether their activities constitute or enable infringement within the UPC territory. |
| 2025-05-23 | UPC_APP_23301/2025 | Court of Appeal | Application Rop 265 | Procedural | Withdrawn | The Court of Appeal permitted NJOY Netherlands B.V. to withdraw its appeal against a Paris Central Division decision dismissing its revocation action against Juul Labs. The proceedings were declared closed and the scheduled oral hearing cancelled. NJOY's application for reimbursement of court fees was also addressed. NJOY had limited its appeal to the issue of costs allocation in the revocation proceedings. |
| 2025-05-23 | ACT_17434/2024 | Paris LD | Infringement Action | Infringement merits | Revoked | Paris Local Division revoked the Dutch, French, German and Italian parts of claims 1-6 of EP 3 155 936 (Hurom slow juicer) as unconditionally amended in the Main Request, and claims 1-3 as amended in the Auxiliary Request, following NUC Electronics' counterclaim for revocation. The patent was found invalid under Art. 138(1) EPC. All of Hurom's infringement claims were dismissed. Hurom's claims for infringement in Poland were held admissible (BSH v Electrolux principle) but dismissed on the merits for lack of evidence. Hurom was ordered to bear all costs. |
| 2025-05-23 | UPC_CFI_191/2025 | The Hague LD | Preliminary objection | — | Procedural only | Procedural order from The Hague Local Division dated 23 May 2025 ruling on a preliminary objection raised by Moderna defendants. The court dismissed Moderna's jurisdictional objections concerning Moderna Spain, Moderna Poland, and Moderna Norway, finding that the UPC has international jurisdiction under Art. 8(1) Brussels I Recast (commercial relationship within the same group) and that the LD The Hague has local competence under Art. 33(1)(b) UPCA because Moderna Netherlands B.V. is domiciled in the Netherlands. An opt-out validity issue was also addressed. The decision allows the infringement proceedings to proceed on the merits. |
| 2025-05-22 | ACT_51553/2024 | Munich CD | Revocation Action | Procedural | Procedural only | The Central Division Munich granted the joint request of Kunststoff KG Nehl and Häfele SE to stay the revocation proceedings concerning EP 3 767 151 to allow settlement negotiations to proceed, cancelling the oral hearing scheduled for June 2025. |
| 2025-05-22 | UPC_APP_18490/2025 | Mannheim LD | Application Rop 333 | Procedural | Procedural only | The Local Division Mannheim, on a R.333 RoP panel review, dismissed Total Semiconductor's request for a further written pleading (R.12.5, R.36 RoP), upholding the judge-rapporteur's earlier order because the claimant had failed to substantiate with sufficient particularity why an additional brief was necessary. |
| 2025-05-21 | UPC_APP_16529/2025 | Dusseldorf LD | Generic application | Procedural | Procedural only | The Düsseldorf Local Division issued an order dealing with Siemens's request for security for costs against Hologic (claimant, domiciled in the US) in the infringement and revocation proceedings concerning EP 2 352 431. The court addressed the burden of proof on the requesting party to show that enforcement would be unduly burdensome, requiring evidence of both applicable foreign law and its practical application. |
| 2025-05-21 | UPC_APP_21951/2025 | Court of Appeal | Application Rop 223 | Procedural | Dismissed | Court of Appeal (Panel 2) rejected Knaus Tabbert AG's application for suspensive effect (R. 223 RoP) pending appeal against a first-instance infringement decision in Yellow Sphere Innovations GmbH / Härtwich v. Knaus Tabbert (Düsseldorf Local Division, EP 3 356 109, vehicle frame with foam resin). The court held: (1) no obviously wrong application of law regarding infringement; (2) enforcement security was within the first-instance court's discretion and Knaus Tabbert failed to raise financial vulnerability of claimant in first instance; (3) the proportionality finding on recall, removal from channels of commerce and destruction was not evidently wrong; (4) the appeal would not become devoid of purpose if enforcement proceeded. |
| 2025-05-21 | UPC_APP_21951/2025 | Court of Appeal | Application Rop 223 | Procedural | Injunction denied | The Court of Appeal denied Knaus Tabbert AG's application for suspensive effect of the Dusseldorf Local Division's order of 10 April 2025 (UPC_CFI_50/2024) granting Yellow Sphere and Härtwich an infringement injunction concerning EP 3 356 109 (vehicle frame). The Court found no manifest error in the first-instance decision and no risk of the appeal being rendered devoid of purpose by enforcement. Key headnote: security for enforcement is a discretionary power of the CFI; arguments about the claimant's financial situation cannot be raised for the first time before the Court of Appeal if they could have been raised at first instance. |
| 2025-05-21 | UPC_CFI_230/2024 | Paris CD | Revocation Action | Procedural | Procedural only | The Central Division Paris issued a rectification order correcting a clerical error in the April 2025 decision that revoked EP 1 994 067 B1 in the Kinexon v Ballinno revocation action, correcting the patent number reference from EP 1 994 067 to EP 1 944 067. |
| 2025-05-20 | UPC_APP_23079/2025 | Dusseldorf LD | Application RoP262A | Procedural | Procedural only | Procedural order of Düsseldorf Local Division in Roche Diabetes Care / F. Hoffmann-La Roche v Tandem Diabetes Care / VitalAire / Rubin Medical and others (EP 1 970 677 B1) granting a confidentiality application under R. 262A RoP. |
| 2025-05-20 | UPC_APP_23094/2025 | Court of Appeal | Generic application | motionName.appeal_decision | Procedural only | Court of Appeal order on CHINT's application for suspensive effect of a first-instance order and expedition of appeal proceedings. JingAo had obtained an order from Munich Local Division requiring CHINT (and five other defendants) to provide security for costs of EUR 200,000. CHINT appealed and sought suspension of the security obligation and expedited review. The order addresses the conditions for granting suspensive effect and expedited proceedings on appeal. |
| 2025-05-19 | UPC_APP_23057/2025 | Mannheim LD | Generic application | Procedural | Procedural only | The Mannheim Local Division issued a procedural order granting Malikie Innovations Ltd's and Discord's agreed request to harmonise the time periods for filing statements of defence for both Discord Inc. and Discord Netherlands B.V. in infringement proceedings concerning EP3716655, setting a uniform deadline of 2 July 2025. |
| 2025-05-19 | UPC_CFI_342/2025 | Milan LD | Application for preserving evidence pursuant to RoP192 | Evidence | Procedural only | The Milan Local Division granted 3V Sigma S.p.A. an ex parte order for preservation of evidence against ACEF S.p.A. and ACEF S.r.l. concerning EP 3 275 872 and EP 3 275 426 (triazine UV stabilisers / cosmetic UV filter compositions). |
| 2025-05-19 | UPC_CFI_58/2025 | Munich LD | Application for provisional measures | Procedural | Costs only | Parallel Munich Local Division order to UPC_CFI_59/2025 in a related Dolby v Roku anti-anti-suit injunction application, also declaring the application moot after Roku's voluntary withdrawal, with costs awarded against Roku. |
| 2025-05-19 | UPC_CFI_59/2025 | Munich LD | Application for provisional measures | Preliminary injunction | PI denied | The Munich Local Division found the application for provisional measures by Sun Patent Trust (anti-anti-suit injunction / anti-anti-enforcement injunction against Roku) moot because Roku had already issued a cease-and-desist undertaking after the prior interim order of 28 January 2025; the application was rejected but costs were borne by Roku since it had given cause for the proceedings. |
| 2025-05-16 | UPC_APP_14117/2025 | Dusseldorf LD | Application RoP262A | Procedural | Procedural only | Düsseldorf Local Division order (judge-rapporteur Dr. Thom) granting a confidentiality protection order (R. 262A RoP) in infringement proceedings by DDP Specialty Electronic Materials US LLC against Greenchemicals S.R.L. concerning EP 1 957 544. Specific financial information (paragraph 73 and Exhibit HL 15) is classified as confidential; access on the defendant's side limited to designated representatives and one named employee. The order includes standard obligations not to use or disclose outside proceedings. |
| 2025-05-15 | ORD_22310/2025 | Milan CD | Generic Order | Evidence | Procedural only | The Milan Central Division ordered an on-site inspection at Maschio Gaspardo's premises (rather than at the court) for an agricultural tool used as the patented and allegedly infringing embodiment, as transporting the approximately 2-tonne subsoiler machine to court was impractical, relying on Art. 53(f) UPCA and R. 170 RoP. |
| 2025-05-15 | ACT_65882/2024 | Munich LD | Infringement Action | Procedural | Procedural only | Munich Local Division scheduling order in Belparts Group N.V.'s infringement action against IMI Hydronic entities concerning EP 3 812 870. The court decided to proceed with both the infringement action and the counterclaim for revocation (not to bifurcate), and set the interim videoconference for 24 March 2026 and the oral hearing for 18 June 2026. The scheduling takes into account a pending EPO Board of Appeal hearing on 27 November 2025 and a possible Central Division hearing. |
| 2025-05-14 | UPC_APP_15688/2025 | Mannheim LD | Generic application | Procedural | Procedural only | Procedural order from the Mannheim Local Division (UPC_CFI_414/2024) on Keysight's request to be heard on whether Centripetal's newly submitted arguments regarding 'Threat Simulator' and 'ThreatARMOR' constituted new attacked embodiments requiring leave to amend the case under R. 263 RoP. The Court deferred the final decision on leave to the full panel. |
| 2025-05-14 | UPC_APP_18494/2025 | Mannheim LD | Amend Document | Procedural | Procedural only | Procedural order of Mannheim Local Division in Total Semiconductor LLC v Texas Instruments (EP 2 746 957) on claimant's application under R. 263 RoP for leave to amend the case to add the AM67x product as an attacked embodiment. The order addresses the parties' arguments on whether the amendment could have been made earlier. |
| 2025-05-14 | UPC_CoA_424/2025 | Court of Appeal | Request for a discretionary review (RoP 220.3) | motionName.appeal_decision | Dismissed | The Court of Appeal (Standing Judge Patricia Rombach) dismissed Hisense, TCL, and LG's request for discretionary review (R. 220.3 RoP) and application for suspensive effect in the Corning v. Hisense/TCL/LG infringement proceedings (EP 3 296 274) before the Mannheim Local Division. The Court upheld the judge-rapporteur's refusal to separate proceedings for the competing defendant groups. Separation of proceedings is not required to protect confidential supply chain information; R. 262A RoP confidentiality orders offer an adequate alternative. The applications for suspensive effect were dismissed. |
| 2025-05-14 | UPC_CFI_132/2024 | Mannheim LD | Generic application | Procedural | Procedural only | Procedural order in infringement action by TOTAL SEMICONDUCTOR against Texas Instruments entities. Decision on Claimant's request for a further written submission under Rules 12.5 and 36 RoP in response to Defendants' rejoinder: final decision partially postponed to the oral hearing; request otherwise rejected. The court found no new arguments by Defendants requiring a response beyond what was already permitted. |
| 2025-05-13 | UPC_APP_18695/2025 | Munich LD | Generic application | Procedural | Procedural only | The Munich Local Division issued a confidentiality order under R. 262.2 and R. 262A RoP in Huawei's infringement action against MediaTek, classifying specified technical and commercial information in the statement of claim as confidential and restricting its use outside the proceedings. |
| 2025-05-13 | ACT_597355/2023 | Dusseldorf LD | Infringement Action | Infringement merits | Not infringed | The Düsseldorf Local Division dismissed Sanofi and Regeneron's infringement action and Amgen's counterclaim for revocation concerning EP3536712 (a second medical use patent for evolocumab in paediatric patients), finding no infringement of the second medical use claim and that the counterclaim for revocation was also unfounded, with each side bearing the costs of the proceedings they lost. |
| 2025-05-13 | UPC_APP_18691/2025 | Munich LD | Generic application | Procedural | Procedural only | The Munich Local Division issued a procedural order granting Huawei's application for confidentiality protection under Rules 262.2 and 262A RoP for information in the statement of claim and exhibits marked as confidential in its infringement action against MediaTek concerning EP 3 905 840 B1. |
| 2025-05-13 | UPC_APP_20955/2025 | Mannheim LD | Generic application | Procedural | Procedural only | Order of Mannheim Local Division in FUJIFILM v Kodak (EP 3 476 616) on FUJIFILM's application under R. 263 RoP for leave to amend its case. The order is a procedural decision addressing the amendment application shortly before the scheduled oral hearing of 13 May 2025. |
| 2025-05-13 | UPC_APP_45185/2024 | Dusseldorf LD | Generic application | Costs | Costs only | Düsseldorf Local Division determined costs in UPC_CFI_7/2023 (Franz Kaldewei GmbH & Co. KG v Bette GmbH & Co. KG, first-ever UPC decision on the merits). The court ordered Bette (the unsuccessful defendant) to reimburse Kaldewei EUR 84,950 in total costs, rejecting Bette's challenge to the reasonableness of the amount. The court noted the extra effort required for the first substantive UPC decision as a justification for higher costs. |
| 2025-05-12 | ORD_60967/2024 | Court of Appeal | Generic Order | motionName.appeal_decision | Costs only | Order of the Court of Appeal in an appeal by Ballinno B.V. against an order for security for costs arising from provisional measures proceedings concerning EP 1 944 067 against UEFA, Kinexon Sports & Media GmbH, and Kinexon GmbH. Ballinno had withdrawn its requests for provisional measures because the UEFA Champions League final was over. The Court held that Ballinno must bear the costs of the proceedings as the losing party, since the action became devoid of purpose following its own withdrawal of main requests. The Court held that a party must accept the inherent risk in basing urgency on a single time-limited event. |
| 2025-05-09 | UPC_APP_22060/2025 | Mannheim LD | Generic application | Procedural | Procedural only | Mannheim Local Division (9 May 2025) harmonised the time periods for all three ZTE defendants to file their statements of defence and counterclaims for revocation to a uniform deadline of 3 July 2025, accommodating varying service dates across the corporate group. |
| 2025-05-09 | UPC_APP_18705/2025 | Hamburg LD | Application Rop 333 | Procedural | Procedural only | Order by Hamburg Local Division (UPC_CFI_429/2024, 9 May 2025) dismissing defendants' (Chint/Astronergy) panel review application under R. 333 RoP against refusal to order claimant JingAo Solar to provide security for costs. The panel upheld the rapporteur's order: defendants failed to substantiate a legitimate concern about unenforceability of a cost order against the Chinese claimant, notwithstanding a conflicting order in parallel Munich LD proceedings. |
| 2025-05-09 | UPC_CFI_241/2023 | Milan LD | Generic Order | Costs | Costs only | The Milan Local Division issued a costs decision pursuant to Rule 156 RoP following a prior merits judgment (ORD_598484/2023) in favour of Oerlikon Textile against Bhagat Textile Engineers for infringement of EP 2 145 848. The court awarded Oerlikon EUR 80,000 in recoverable representation costs (EUR 65,000 for the main action and EUR 15,000 for the preservation of evidence proceedings), reduced from the claimed EUR 120,425.28, on the basis that the case was relatively straightforward with no validity or infringement dispute by the defendant. |
| 2025-05-08 | ORD_10064/2025 | Munich LD | Generic Order | Procedural | Procedural only | The Munich Local Division judge-rapporteur issued a comprehensive interim conference order in the Sanofi pharmaceutical infringement proceedings against multiple generic manufacturers, covering the substitution of Sanofi Mature IP by Sanofi SA, interim questions of invalidity (including admissibility of counterclaims and late-filed arguments), and procedural scheduling. The order provided preliminary guidance on damages calculation methodology and noted that the EPO Board of Appeal outcome would be relevant to further steps. |
| 2025-05-08 | UPC_APP_17291/2025 | Munich LD | Generic application | Procedural | Procedural only | Lengthy procedural order from Munich Local Division in consolidated infringement proceedings by Sanofi entities against multiple generic pharmaceutical companies (Accord, STADA, Dr. Reddy's, Zentiva) concerning EP 2 493 466 (insulin glargine). The order (judge-rapporteur Zigann) addresses numerous procedural matters including damages assessment timing, stay pending EPO Board of Appeal proceedings, and schedule for further pleadings. No substantive ruling; oral hearing deferred to await EPO BoA outcome. |
| 2025-05-08 | ACT_3186/2025 | Lisbon LD | Application for provisional measures | Preliminary injunction | PI denied | Lisbon Local Division denied Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH's application for a preliminary injunction against Zentiva Portugal, LDA concerning EP 1 830 843 (nintedanib for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis). The court found no imminent infringement: Zentiva's receipt of marketing authorisations and filing of a parallel exclusivity period (PEP) request did not demonstrate that market entry was imminent before patent expiry. The PEP request was filed in the usual course of business and the Defendant was aware of the risk of PEP expiry. Value of case set at EUR 1,000,000. |
| 2025-05-08 | ORD_16127/2025 | Court of Appeal | Generic Order | motionName.jurisdictional | Procedural only | Court of Appeal order changing the language of appeal proceedings from Danish to English with the agreement of both parties under Art. 49(4) UPCA and R. 322 RoP. The underlying appeal concerned the Copenhagen Local Division's refusal to order respondents to pay periodic penalty payments for non-compliance with a prior injunction. The Court of Appeal agreed the language change was appropriate given the limited scope of the appeal and both parties understanding English, and addressed translation costs of existing pleadings. |
| 2025-05-08 | ACT_2097/2024 | Dusseldorf LD | Infringement Action | Infringement merits | Infringed | Düsseldorf Local Division final decision in infringement action (with revocation counterclaim) concerning a pump patent (EP 2 778 423 B1), by Grundfos against a Chinese manufacturer (Hefei Xinhu Canned Motor Pump). The court found infringement, granted an injunction, ordered accounting/information, recall from distribution channels, and declared liability for damages from 28 February 2018. The revocation counterclaim was dismissed. Defendant bears all costs. The court addressed the admissibility of new prior art raised for the first time in the defendant's rejoinder to the revocation counterclaim, holding that such new attacks require a convincing explanation of why they could not have been included earlier. |
| 2025-05-08 | UPC_CFI_716/2024 | Mannheim LD | Generic application | Procedural | Procedural only | Procedural order granting Claimant Polidoro S.p.a. a one-week extension to 19 May 2025 for filing its Reply to the Statement of Defence and Defence to the Counterclaim for Revocation. Extension justified because access to the unredacted version of the Statement of Defence was delayed under Rule 262A RoP. |
| 2025-05-08 | UPC_CFI_582/2024 | Brussels LD | Generic application | — | Dismissed | The Brussels Local Division dismissed Yealink's application for rectification (R. 353 RoP) of the Final Order of 21 March 2025, which had dismissed Barco's application for provisional measures and ordered Barco to pay Yealink's costs up to the EUR 112,000 ceiling. Yealink sought to clarify the order by adding the word 'interim' to the costs award, but the court found no clerical error, miscalculation or obvious omission warranting rectification. The court confirmed that the costs award of EUR 112,000 against Barco (the unsuccessful party in the provisional measures) was already clearly an interim award on the face of the Final Order. |
| 2025-05-08 | UPC_CFI_145/2024 | Munich LD | Generic Order | — | Procedural only | Procedural order in consolidated Sanofi v. Accord Healthcare / Dr Reddy's / betapharm infringement proceedings at Munich Local Division. The judge-rapporteur declined to dispose of the case summarily and determined it would be more efficient to await the outcome of pending EPO Board of Appeal proceedings concerning the patent before deciding difficult substantive issues at an oral hearing. |
| 2025-05-08 | UPC_CFI_145/2024 | Munich LD | Generic Order | — | Procedural only | Procedural order from Munich Local Division dated 8 May 2025 (unredacted version) in the consolidated infringement proceedings of Sanofi against Accord Healthcare, Stada, Dr. Reddy's and Zentiva regarding EP 2 493 466. The order sets the timetable for further proceedings, confirms the interim conferences (including one focused on EPO BoA appeal outcome on 17 July 2025), and sets the main interim conference for 12 September 2025 and oral hearing dates for 14–17 October 2025. The order also addresses outstanding procedural issues including Zentiva's request to strike Malta from the revocation request, and provides guidance on the panel's preliminary views on damages calculation and infringement. |
| 2025-05-07 | UPC_APP_12517/2025 | Milan LD | Application Rop 265 | Procedural | Withdrawn | Decision of the Milan Local Division permitting Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson to withdraw its infringement action against Digital River Ireland Ltd. (which is in insolvency proceedings in Ireland), and permitting Digital River to withdraw its counterclaim for revocation. The Court ordered each party to bear its own costs for the infringement proceedings. Digital River was ordered to bear costs of the counterclaim proceedings and the stay application (EUR 5,500). |
| 2025-05-07 | UPC_APP_12519/2025 | Milan LD | Application Rop 265 | Procedural | Withdrawn | Milan Local Division (7 May 2025) allowed Ericsson's withdrawal of the infringement action against Digital River Ireland Ltd. (in insolvency) and Digital River's withdrawal of its counterclaim for revocation, while the proceedings continued against Asustek and Arvato. Each party bears its own costs in the withdrawal proceedings. |
| 2025-05-06 | UPC_APP_18896/2025 | Dusseldorf LD | Application RoP262A | Procedural | Procedural only | Düsseldorf Local Division procedural order extending the confidentiality regime previously established on 30 August 2024 (App_43001/2024) to cover the unredacted version of the Rejoinder to the Reply to the Defence regarding the application to amend the patent, in infringement proceedings by Ona Patents SL against Apple entities concerning EP 2 263 098. The order identifies specific information to be treated as confidential and restricts access to named representatives. |
| 2025-05-05 | ORD_21186/2025 | Court of Appeal | Decision By Default | Default judgment | Procedural only | The Court of Appeal ruled on issues of public access to the register under R.262.1(b) RoP and clarified the legal framework for reasoned decisions and default decisions, holding that access to written pleadings should not be granted to unrepresented members of the public and that costs should not normally be awarded in R.262.1(b) proceedings. |
| 2025-05-05 | ORD_21232/2025 | Court of Appeal | Decision By Default | Default judgment | Procedural only | The Court of Appeal addressed procedural issues in Meril Italy's appeal, ruling that a decision issued when the respondent was not properly represented constitutes a default decision subject to Rule 356.1 RoP, and that unrepresented public members may not be granted access to pleadings under Rule 262.1(b) RoP. |